Infrared saunas can be designed to look like traditional saunas but cheaper models can be in the form of a tent with an infrared element inside. The modern concept of the infrared sauna was revived in the 1970s in Japan as Waon (Japanese: "soothing warmth") Therapy and neonatal beds for newborns use infrared elements to keep the baby warm without being stifled. King Edward VII of England and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany both had radiant heat baths set up in their various palaces.
The idea became popular, particularly in Germany where "Light Institutes" were set up. In 1896 the Radiant Heat Bath was patented by Kellogg and described in the patent as not depending on the heat in the air to heat the body but able to more quickly produce a sweat than traditional Turkish or Russian baths at a lower ambient temperature. He claimed that it stimulated healing in the body and in 1893 displayed his invention at the Chicago World's Fair. John Harvey Kellogg invented the use of radiant heat saunas with his incandescent electric light bath in 1891. Infrared saunas are also used in Infrared Therapy and Waon Therapy and although there is a small amount of preliminary evidence that these therapies correlate with a number of benefits including reduced blood pressure, increased heart rate and increased left ventricular function there are several problems with linking this evidence to alleged health benefits. Traditional saunas differ from infrared saunas in that they heat the body primarily by conduction and convection from the heated air and by radiation of the heated surfaces in the sauna room whereas infrared saunas primarily use just radiation. Infrared saunas are popular in alternative therapies, where they are claimed to help with a number of medical issues including autism, cancer, and COVID-19, but these claims are entirely pseudoscientific.
An infrared sauna uses infrared heaters to emit infrared light experienced as radiant heat which is absorbed by the surface of the skin.
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